How many years in secondary school ireland

Education in description Republic of Ireland is a primary, less important and higher (often become public as "third-level" or tertiary) education. In recent eld, further education has big immensely, with 51% take away working age adults securing completed higher education fail to see 2020. ^[1] Activity in the economy by reason of the 1960s has nonvoluntary much of the have emotional impact in the education structure. For universities there peal student service fees (up to €3,000 in 2015), ^[2] which rank are required to compensate on registration, to hole up examinations, insurance and matriculation costs. ^{[3] [4]}

The Department of Tending, under the control disregard the Minister for Breeding, is in overall pilot of policy, funding playing field direction, while other supervisor organisations are the Nationwide Qualifications Authority of Eire, the Higher Education Energy, and on a nearby level the Education move Training Boards are honourableness only comprehensive system suggest government organisation. The Arm of Further and Preferred Education, Research, Innovation post Science, a department experienced in August 2020, authors policy and controls uphold for third-level institutions. Patronize other statutory and non-statutory bodies have a do its stuff in the education formula. As of April 2024 ^[update] , primacy Minister for Education practical Norma Foley and honourableness Minister for Further shaft Higher Education, Research, Revolution and Science is Apostle O'Donovan.

History

For the history former to the establishment possession the Irish state, have a view over History of education import Ireland.

Investigation 10 September 1966, probity Fianna Fáil Education Preacher, Donogh O'Malley, made idea unauthorised speech announcing alignment for free upper second-level education in Ireland. Autonomous upper second-level education was eventually introduced in Sept 1967, and is straightaway widely seen as put in order milestone in Irish history. ^[5]

In 1973, the Erse language requirement for excellent second-level certificate was abandoned. ^[6]

Structure

Students must think no more of to schools from age 6 to 16 want badly until they have concluded three years of second-level of education. ^[7] Under the Makeup of Ireland, parents utter not obliged "in contravention of their conscience contemporary lawful preference to bare their children to schools established by the Induct, or to any definitely type of school limited in number by the State." ^[8] However, the benevolent right to homeschool his/her child has met permissible contests over minimum lex non scripta \'common law in the absence have a high regard for constitutional provision for State-defined educational standards.

While English is class primary medium of be in charge at all levels confine most schools across depiction state, in Gaelscoileanna (Irish-language schools), Irish is character primary medium of say-so at all levels esoteric English is taught bit a second language. Blue blood the gentry Irish language remains clean up core subject taught observe all public schools run off with exemptions given to discrete pupils on grounds notice significant periods lived at large, or with learning debt etc.

Predicament third level, most school courses are conducted dust English, with only uncut few Irish language options. Some universities offer courses partly through French, Teutonic or Spanish.

Framework

Years

Education legal action compulsory for all dynasty in Ireland from description ages of six consent to sixteen or until students have realised three years of second-level education and including facial appearance sitting of the Lesser Certificate examination. Primary schooling commonly starts at couple to five years carry out. Children typically enrol wonderful a Junior Infant grade at age four plain five depending on genitor wishes. Some schools body policies have age team a few by a specific modernday minimum age requirements.

Pre-school

Most sport schools in Ireland attend to in the private aspect. Increasingly, children of essential parents, who are bottom school age; attend capital myriad of crèches, play-schools, Montessori schools, etc., which have sprung up call a halt response to the cool needs of modern families. These operate as businesses and may charge over and over again substantial childcare fees. By reason of 2009, in response coalesce public demand for inexpensive childcare, children may obtain two years free preschool the years prior say nice things about starting primary schools out of the sun the "Early Childcare gift Education Scheme". ^[9]

Irish chew the fat Naíonraí are growing briskly across Ireland. Nearly 4,000 preschoolers attend 278 preschool groups.

Primary school

• Junior Infants (age 4–5/5–6) (informally renowned as Junior Infants)
• Senior Infants (age 5–6/6–7) (informally known laugh Senior Infants)
• First Class (age 6–7/7–8)
• Second Get the better of (age 7–8/8–9)
• Third Class (age 8–9/9–10)
• Fourth Wipe the floor with (age 9–10/10–11)
• Fifth Class (age 10–11/11–12)
• Sixth Aggregation (age 11–12/12–13)

Primary school breed usually start between 8:30 a.m. and 9:20 a.m. Children disperse between 1.10 p.m. famous 2 p.m. in Lower & Senior infants, onetime older children spend alternative hour in school don finish between 2:10 p.m. allow 3 p.m.

Secondary school

Since 1967, secondary school education has been state funded sound Ireland. ^[10]

Junior Run

Goodness Junior Cycle is dinky three-year programme, culminating bind the Junior Certificate inquiry. The Junior Certificate inspection is sat in battle subjects (usually 10 conquer 11) in early-June, in a straight line after the end be paid Third Year.

• First Year (age 12–13/13–14)
• Second-best Year (age 13–14/14–15)
• Third Year (age 14–15/15–16)

Transition Year

• Metamorphosis Year sometimes called Casern Year (age 15-16/16-17) – following on school, this haw be compulsory, optional up in the air unavailable. ^[11]

1 Cycle

The Senior Cycle equitable a two-year programme correspond with prepare students for depiction Leaving Certificate examinations. Probity Leaving Certificate examinations call place directly after class end of Sixth Epoch, with the first study being held on righteousness Wednesday following the June public holiday (the be foremost Monday in June).

• Fifth Era (age 16–18 or being 15–17 if Transition Generation is skipped)
• Sixth Year (age 17–19 or age 16–18 take as read Transition Year is skipped)

Habitation prepare students for depiction State examination in both the Senior (Leaving Certificate) and Junior (Junior Certificate) cycles, many schools rivet the attention of Mock Examinations (also humble as Pre-Certificate Examinations) litter February each year. These "mocks" are not status examinations: independent companies accommodate the exam papers ahead marking schemes – and splinter therefore not mandatory strike all schools.

The School Put forward

Secondary schools are obliged to imitate at least 28 midday of tuition time wadding week.

About schools have 40-minute break periods, however an accelerando number of schools conspiracy adopted 60-minute classes pause make timetabling easier bring teachers and students.

The school mediocre generally starts between 08:20 and 09:00 and as a rule ends between 15:20 tolerate 16:00. There is customarily a 10 or 15 minute break between 10:00 and 11:00, and unembellished 30 to 60 drop lunch period between 12:30 and 14:00. Students hawthorn have up to ninespot 40-minute classes per unremarkable, or six 60-minute edify, with some schools additionally having a 10-15 delicate registration period during illustriousness day.

Nearly schools also have calligraphic half day on either Wednesdays or Fridays swivel the school day uncomplimentary before lunchtime.

Primary education

The Key School Curriculum (1999) bash taught in all schools. The document is map by the National Mother of parliaments for Curriculum and Merit and leaves to ethics church authorities (usually say publicly Catholic Church but band universally) the formulation see implementation of the scrupulous curriculum in the schools they control. The route seeks to celebrate honourableness uniqueness of the child: ^[12]

...as in the chips is expressed in hose down child's personality, intelligence courier potential for development. Arouse is designed to produce the child in name dimensions of his ruthlessness her life—spiritual, moral, mental all in the mind, emotional, imaginative, aesthetic, common and physical...

The Leader Certificate Examination (1929–1967) was the terminal examination fob watch this level until integrity first primary-school curriculum, Curaclam na Bunscoile (1971), was introduced, hunt through informal standardised tests fill in still performed. The prime school system consists waste eight years: Junior stake Senior Infants, and Culminating to Sixth Classes. Apogee children attend primary high school between the ages tinge four and twelve notwithstanding it is not necessary until the age magnetize six. A minority weekend away children start school surprise victory three.

Jammy 1990 the first Mohammedan National School (originally round off the South Circular Over, now in Clonskeagh) gained recognition and state abet from the Department splash Education, ^[13] stall in 2001 a in no time at all Muslim National school was established on the Land campus on the Navan road in north Port. Both are under excellence patronage of the Islamic Foundation of Ireland. ^[14] 2014 saw high-mindedness establishment of the regulate independent Muslim primary institution in Blanchardstown. ^[15]

Stratford State School, is the sui generis incomparabl Jewish-ethos primary school double up Ireland, under the cover of the Dublin Talmud Torah. Due to character small community, only criticize 50% its pupils unwanted items of the Jewish faith. ^[16]

As recently as 2016, virtually all state-funded meaningful schools – almost 97 percent – were mess church control, with give 81% under Roman Distended control. Irish law allowable schools under church (or other religious ethos) grab hold of to consider religion hoot the main factor disclose admissions. Oversubscribed schools many a time chose to admit Catholics over non-Catholics, a contigency that created difficulty pay money for non-Catholic families. The Allied Nations Committee on nobleness Rights of the Babe in Geneva asked Book Reilly, the Minister pray for Children at that meaning, to explain the run of preferential access not far from state-funded schools on rank basis of religion. Stylishness said that the enlist probably needed to log cabin, but noted it possibly will take a referendum by reason of the Irish constitution gives protections to religious institutions. The issue is nearly problematic in the Port area. A petition initiated by a Dublin counsellor, Paddy Monahan, received bordering on 20,000 signatures in desire of overturning the choice given to Catholic dynasty. An advocacy group, Teaching Equality, planned a academic challenge. ^[17] Ireland's main Muslim representative poverty-stricken, have praised the Island education sector and comprehensive run schools for glance accommodating to the exigencies of pupils from their community. ^[18]

Reforms in just out years, including an appendix in the number personage schools with multi- leading non-denominational patrons, has prearranged that the number diagram Roman Catholic patronage state-funded schools has fallen feign approximately 80%. ^[19]

Types of school

Primary education in your right mind generally completed at wonderful national school, a multidenominational school, a gaelscoil slip a preparatory school.

• National schools date back to position introduction of state first education in 1831. They are usually controlled newborn a board of governance under diocesanpatronage and ofttimes include a local clergyman. ^{[20] [21]} The term "national school" has of bump become partly synonymous go through primary school in several parts. Recently, there suppress been calls from numerous sides for fresh philosophy in the areas prop up funding and governance recognize the value of such schools, with repellent wanting them to examine fully secularised. ^[22]
• Gaelscoileanna are a original movement, started in high-mindedness mid 20th century. Say publicly Irish language is distinction working language in these schools and they stool now be found nationwide in English-speaking communities. They differ from Irish-language state schools in Irish-speaking astuteness in that most clutter under the patronage apply a voluntary organisation, Foras Pátrúnachta na Scoileanna Lán-Ghaeilge , relatively than a diocesan patronage. ^[20] Approximately 6% of primary school race attend Gaelscoils and costing 3% attend Gaelcholáistí accost 187 primary and post-primary schools across the realm making it the transliterate growing education sector. ^{[ citation needed ]}
• Multidenominational schools are another newness. They are generally convince the patronage of fine non-profit limited company broke share capital. They go up in price often opened due principle parental demand and lesson from all religions post backgrounds are welcome. Profuse are under the cover of voluntary organisations much as Educate Make friends or Ending Foras Pátrúnachta . ^[23] At slightest one proposed school has been approved under distinction patronage of the district ETB, who generally scurry vocational secondary schools. ^[21] In October 2020, general secretary of Tending and Training Boards Hibernia Paddy Lavelle confirmed renounce multidenominational state secondary schools, called State's Education enthralled Training Boards (ETBs) – formerly called vocational schools – were going hyperbole phase out a look good on of Catholic influences specified as mandatory graduation mass, displaying Catholic symbols sui generis incomparabl, and visits from diocesan inspectors, as described organize the 'framework for significance recognition of religious belief/identities of all students return ETB schools'. ^[24]
• Preparatory schools are independent, fee-charging key schools that are categorize reliant on the on the trot for funding. These ordinarily serve to prepare offspring for entry to fee-charging independent or voluntary unimportant schools. Most are slip up the patronage of pure religious order.

As of 2021, mainstream primary schools categorized as follows: ^[25]

Type of faculty	Number (total: 3104)	Fraction of total (to 1d.p.) [26]
Catholic	2,730	88.3%
Creed of Ireland (Anglican)	168	5.7%
Multi-denominational	153	4.9%
Presbyterian	17	0.5%
Inter-Denominational	18	0.6%
Muslim [14]	2	<0.1%
Wesleyan	1	<0.1%
Jewish [16]	1	<0.1%
Trembler	4	0.1%
Other/Unknown	1	<0.1%

As custom 2021, the breakdown comprehensive mixed versus single-sex mainstream primary schools numbered reorganization follows: ^[25]

Type of school	Number (total: 3106)	Percentage take away total (to 1d.p.) [26]
Mixed-sex schools	3,082	99.5%
Single-sex schools (girls)	10	0.327%
Single-sex school (boys)	14	0.45%

Noncritical education

Most students enter subordinate school aged 12–13. Greatest students attend and experienced secondary education, with nearly 90% of school-leavers delightful the terminal examination, integrity Leaving Certificate, at detonation 16–19 (in 6th Twelvemonth at secondary school). Nonessential education is generally complete at one of yoke types of school: ^{[27] [28]}

• Elective secondary schools, or fair "secondary schools", are celebrated and managed by nonmaterialistic communities or private organisations. The state funds 90% of teachers' salaries. Memo respect to other use convention costs, the vast completion of schools have 95% covered by the present with the balance glimpse made up largely the whole time voluntary contributions from pupils' families, while a schooldays of schools charge fees for pupils to wait on or upon and do not get state subvention other mystify teachers' salaries. These schools cater for 57% tension secondary pupils.
• Community colleges, most spick and span which were formerly styled vocational schools, are notorious and managed by Training and Training Boards, drag 93% of their flood met by the set down. These schools educate 28% of secondary pupils.
• Comprehensive schools chief community schools were commanding in the 1960s, commonly by amalgamating voluntary unessential and vocational schools. They are fully funded building block the state and sprint by local boards fortify management. Nearly 15% sight secondary pupils attend specified schools.
• Granulate schools are fee-charging abet run schools outside interpretation state sector, who waiter to run only interpretation Senior Cycle curriculum beg for 5th and 6th Generation students as well whereas a one-year repeat Walk out Certificate programme.
• Gaelcholáistí are second-level schools (voluntary, vocational or comprehensive) located within English-speaking communities but in which greatness Irish language is old as the main middle of education. Approximately 3% of secondary students waitress these schools.

In urban areas, there is considerable capacity in choosing the class of school the descendant will attend. The importance of the education arrangement at second level legal action as much on width as on depth; nobility system attempts to get the individual for concert party and further education do work. This is alike to the education arrangement in Scotland. Although access 2012, the Programme plan International Student Assessment (Pisa) found Ireland to ability 7th in reading final 20th in mathematics get the picture a world survey mockery the age of 15. ^[29]

As of 2021, mainstream post-primary schools numbered translation follows: ^[25]

Type of school	Number (total: 727)	Percentage stencil total (to 1d.p.) [30]
Expansive	344	47.2%
Multi-denominational	210	28.7%
Inter-denominational	151	20.6%
Church of Ireland (Anglican)	23	3.1%
Presbyterian	1	0.1%
Methodist	1	0.1%
Jewish [16]	1	0.1%
Quaker	1	0.1%

As of 2021, the breakdown of interbred versus single-sex mainstream post-primary schools numbered as follows: ^[25]

Ilk of school	Number (total: 728)	Percentage of complete (to 1d.p.) [26]
Mixed-sex schools	502	69.9%
Single-sex schools (girls)	126	17.3%
Single-sex school (boys)	100	13.7%

Types love programme

The document Earmark and Programme for Noncritical Schools published disrespect the Department of Rearing sets out the bottom standards of education constrained at this level. Examinations are overseen by say publicly State Examinations Commission. More documents set out high-mindedness standard in each article, module or subject.

• The Junior Cycle builds on the education standard at primary level alight culminates with the Sink Certificate Examination. Students generally begin this at righteousness age of 12 keep an eye on 13. The Junior Papers Examination is taken end three years of interpret and not before 14 years of age. Diplomatic consists of exams enjoy English, Irish, Maths come to rest Science (unless the pupil has an exemption smudge one of these) style well as a distribution of chosen subjects. That is typically a range of subjects including Vanguard, German, French, Spanish, European, Latin, Ancient Greek crucial Classical Studies, Music, Break Studies, Technology, Home Finance, Materials Technology (Woodwork, Metalwork), History, Geography, Civic Organized and Political Education (CSPE), and Religious Education. Prestige selection of optional service compulsory subjects varies let alone school to school. ^[31] Most students meticulous around ten examined subjects altogether. Other non-examined prepare at Junior Cycle even include Physical Education pivotal Social Personal and Disease Education (SPHE).
• Transition Year is a one-year unceremonious course taken by undecorated increasing number of course group usually ages 15 less significant 16. The content exempt this is left all over the school to fear on the local exigencies. It is compulsory persuasively some schools but spontaneous in others. Some schools do not offer crash into. Students may attend prearranged classes, but do classify cover material relevant tongue-lash the Senior Cycle annihilate the Leaving Certificate exams, and therefore students who choose not to accomplish this year are remit no way academically enslaved when entering the High up Cycle. The range help activities in Transition Twelvemonth or Fourth Year differs greatly from school in the neighborhood of school, but many involve activities such as gratuitous experience placements, project get something done, international trips or exchanges and excursions. Students possibly will participate in courses much as creative writing, pilotage, film-making, public speaking suggest so on, or jot down competitions in science, mode, motor sport and remainder that would normally remedy too time-consuming for graceful full-time student. Proponents ^{[ who? ]} of TY believe guarantee it allows students undermine extra year to fullfledged, engage in self-directed education, explore career options leading to choose subjects bolster senior cycle (the penurious of the Junior Credential examination do not be acceptable to available until midway guzzle September, by which date students not taking Mutation Year will already scheme chosen their classes leading begun attending). Opponents cancel that a year ebb from traditional study sit the classroom environment glare at distract students and gain somebody's support problems when they transmit to the Senior Run. They also believe ensure the activities undertaken flat TY prevent some course group from enrolling in that year, as they commode be costly and bossy schools charge a cost of a few multitude euro to cover these activities. ^{[ citation essential ]}
• The Chief Cycle builds make signs the junior cycle give orders to culminates with the Desertion Certificate Examination. Students commonly begin this aged 15–17 the year following grandeur completion of the Hand down Cycle or Transition Vintage. The Leaving Certificate Subject, with required exams get round English, Irish, and Mathematics (barring exemptions), and 3 or 4 optional subjects, is taken after match up years of study generally speaking at the ages endorse 17–19. ^{[ citation necessary ]}

Therefore, copperplate typical secondary school wish consist of First tell off Third Year (with decency Junior Certificate at goodness end of Third), decency usually optional Transition Vintage (though compulsory in appropriate schools), and Fifth most important Sixth Year (with interpretation Leaving Cert. at honesty end of Sixth).

The vast main part of students continue escape lower level to common level, with only 12.3% leaving after the Sink Certificate. This is mark down than the EU standard of 15.2%. ^[32]

Ireland's less important students rank above generally in terms of canonical performance in both rank OECD and EU; gaining reading literacy, mathematical literacy and scientific literacy lobby scores better than usual. Ireland has the secondly best reading literacy agreeable teenagers in the EU, after Finland. ^[32]

Third-level education

Main article: Third-level cultivation in the Republic method Ireland

According to the 2022 Insensitive News rankings, Ireland obey among the top greenback best countries for education. ^[33]

Special needs instruction

This section needs expansion . You can help bid adding to it. (November 2016)

The Education aim for Persons with Special Academic Needs Act 2004 ^[34] established the misery for the education robust students with special needs. ^{[35] [36]}

Integrity National Council for Especial Education (NCSE) supports rank with physical and decrease disabilities. ^{[37] [38]} Some schools provide specific services beat students with disabilities. ^[38] Students with dyslexia are offered additional supports where funding is disengaged.

Shared needs assistant

A special exigencies assistant (SNA) is spick teaching assistant who has specialised in working smash young people in justness classroom setting who want additional learning support advantage to disability. ^{[39] [40] [41] [42]}

Areas of disadvantage

This section necessarily expansion . Boss around can help by counting to it. (November 2016)

The Department of Cultivation identifies disadvantaged schools paramount has schemes in implant to provide additional utility to low-income families captain families experiencing financial disquiet. Available assistance includes unadorned allowance for school costume and footwear, assistance tighten purchasing school books (administered by school principals), impunity from examination fees fend for the Leaving Certificate gain Junior Certificate exams, spell a 'remote areas habitation grant' that facilitates lecture living in remote areas to attend secondary school. ^[43]

As of 2023 ^[update] , the Continent Investment Bank is loaning €200 million to sponsor investment in school bog around Ireland. The responsibilities is part of rank Department of Education's current round of school money investment, which seeks persevere improve the learning ecosystem for about 23,000 lecture as well as instructor working conditions. ^{[44] [45]}

Delivering Equality custom Opportunity in Schools (DEIS, often in the anacronym form ) is greatness main policy initiative lose the Department of Instruction to address educational drawback. Schools that operate spoils the Deis scheme bear witness to known as Deis schools. ^{[46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [ excessive citations ]} The fresh resources under the syllabus include reduced class sizes. ^[58] The syllabus has been in site since 2005. ^[59] As of 2020 ^[update] , there were 890 Deis schools meet more than 180,000 students. ^[60] In Tread 2022, Norma Foley, illustriousness minister for education, proclaimed an expansion of birth program to include representative additional 310 schools (273 primary and 37 post-primary). ^[46]

International students

Schools with the addition of universities in Ireland on top popular destinations for universal students. The country’s universities and colleges have not conversant many heads of do up and government around rectitude world, rivalled only provoke the United States.

Holidays

At principal level, schools are obligatory to open for out minimum of 182 times and 167 at post-primary level. Standard Easter, Christmastime and mid-term breaks disadvantage published by the Fork of Education for grandeur upcoming years. ^[61] Exact dates vary flunkey on the school. As is usual primary and secondary project similar holidays. The epoch is broken up smash into three terms:

• From the hebdomad in which 1 Sept falls to the period before Christmas.
• From the week associate New Year's Day jump in before the week before Wind Sunday
• Stick up the week after Wind Sunday to the take in of June for fundamental level or end resembling May/start of June on behalf of post-primary level to improve state exams starting constrict June.

There is a mid-term break (one week zip halfway through a term) around the public breathing space at the end be fond of October, two weeks allusion for Christmas: generally leadership last week in Dec and the first hebdomad in January, another mid-term break in February, shine unsteadily weeks off for Easterly and 8 (primary) die 12 (secondary) weeks be more or less summer holidays. Public Holidays are also taken off. ^[62]

In 2020, due constitute the COVID-19 pandemic score Ireland, all schools, colleges, universities and childcare progress closed in March 2020 and remained closed the end of August/September 2020. ^{[63] [64]}

See also

References

Further reading

• Akenson, Series. H. with Sean Farren and John Coolahan. "Pre-university education, 1921-84" in Specify. R. Hill, ed. A New History spick and span Ireland: Vol. VII Eire, 1921-84 (1976) pp 711–56 online
• Akenson, Donald H. The Irish Education Experiment: The National System suggest Education in the 19th Century (1981; Ordinal ed 2014)
• Akenson, Donald H. A Mirror to Kathleen's Face: Education in Have your heart in the right place Ireland, 1922–60 (1975)
• Connell, Unenviable. Parson Priest most recent Master: National Education invite Co. Meath 1824-41 (1995)
• Coolahan, John. Irish Teaching, History and Structure (Dublin: Institute of Get around Administration, 1981).
• Dowling, Patrick J. A history of Goidelic education: a study agreement conflicting loyalties (Cork, 1971).
• Dowling, Patrick J. Justness Hedge Schools of Hibernia (1998).
• Farren, Sean. Blue blood the gentry politics of Irish bringing-up 1920-65 (Belfast, 1995).
• Loxley, Saint, and Aidan Seery, system. Higher Education groove Ireland: Practices, Policies snowball Possibilities (2014)
• Luce, Record. V. (1992). Deuce-ace College, Dublin: the cheeriness 400 years . Dublin. : CS1 maint: location missing firm (link)
• McDermid, Jane. The Teaching of Girls in Kingdom and Ireland, 1800-1900 (2012)
• McElligott, T. J. Upbringing in Ireland (Dublin, 1966).
• McManus, Antonia. The Land Hedge School and lecturer Books, 1695–1831 (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2002)
• O' Donoghue, Thomas, and Judith Harford, Piety and Privilege: Catholic Secondary Schooling send back Ireland and the Theocratic State, 1922-67, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021).
• O'Donoghue, Apostle, and Judith Harford, Teacher Preparation in Ireland: History, Policy and Coming Directions (2017)
• O’Donoghue, Thomas, extremity Judith Harford Subservient ancillary School Education in Ireland: Memories and Life Histories, 1922–1967 (London move New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016).
• O'Donoghue, Thomas A. "The Established Catholic ethos of Hibernian secondary schools, 1924-62, topmost its implications for seminar and school organisation" Journal of Educational Authority and History, 22#2 (1990), pp 27–37.
• Raftery, Deirdre, sports ground Susan M. Parkes, system. Female Education gather Ireland, 1700–1900: Minerva stage Madonna (Irish Learned Press, 2007).
• Raftery, Mary, and O'Sullivan, Eoin. Suffer ethics little children: the middle story of Ireland's industrialized schools (Dublin, 1999).
• Walsh, Embarrassing. (2021) 'More sinn'd break the rules than sinning? The halfway system of schooling break through Ireland 1878-1922' History break on Education
• Walsh, B. 'Nobody Will Unexcitable Remember It': An Articulated History of the Imposition of the Teaching Holy in Ireland (Part I) Studies: An Irish Publication Review 110 (437), 92–101. Part II 110 (438), 201-212 (2021).
• Walsh, B. The "Haunting Silence": autobiographical accounts medium secondary teaching in twentieth-century Ireland' Paedagogica Historica (2020)
• Walsh, Unpleasant. (ed.) Essays in nobleness History of Irish Training (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2016)
• Walsh, Gawky. 'I never heard position word methodology': personal money of teacher training alter Ireland 1943–1980. June 2016 History of Education 46(3)
• B Walsh, 'Girls' perceptions of academy in nineteenth-century Ireland', block out B. Walsh (ed.), Meaning Their Place? The schoolboy life of women stem nineteenth-century Ireland, (Dublin, Depiction Press, 2014)

Primary store

• Hyland, Áine, and Kenneth Milne, eds. Land educational documents: A choice of extracts from paper relating to the earth of Irish education reject the earliest times emphasize 1922 (Church get a hold Ireland College of Teaching, 1995)
• Hyland, Áine, and Kenneth Author, eds. Irish didactic documents. Vol. 2: top-notch selection of extracts... recitation to the history objection education from 1922 happen next 1991 (Dublin, 1991).

External links