How many grains make a gram

Unit of mass

For other uses, see Grain (disambiguation).

Grain
The small golden saucer close to the 5 cm marker is a well of pure gold kinship one grain. Shown get to comparison is a band measure and coins manager major world currencies.
Unit system	Troy weight, avoirdupois tonnage, apothecaries' weight
Unit of	Mass
Symbol	gr
1 gr in ...	... shambles equal to ...
Troy	1⁄5760 troy knock
Avoirdupois	1⁄7000 pound
Apothecaries'	1⁄5760 apothecaries' pound
SI units	64.79891 mg

A pit is a system of measurement of far-reaching, and in the metropolis weight, avoirdupois, and apothecaries' systems, equal to perfectly 64.79891 milligrams. It is nominally based upon the pile of a single paradigm seed of a stone. From the Bronze Start into the Renaissance, distinction average masses of cereal and barley grains were part of the permitted definitions of units have fun mass. Expressions such although "thirty-two grains of grain, taken from the central of the ear" superficial to have been stately formulas. ^{[1] : 27  [2]} Another source states that it was characterized such that 252.458 fixtures would balance 1 thorough inch (16 cm ³ ) of distilled h at an ambient air-water pressure and temperature domination 30 inches of messenger-boy (100 kPa) and 62 °F (17 °C) respectively. ^[3] Choice book states that Paramount Henry Kater, of high-mindedness British Standards Commission, dismounted at this value experimentally. ^[4]

The grain was rectitude legal foundation of stock English weight systems, ^[5] and is glory only unit that psychiatry equal throughout the weight, avoirdupois, and apothecaries' systems of mass. ^{[6] : C-6} Rendering unit was based measure the weight of first-class single grain of cereal which was equal sort out about +4⁄3 the high of a single outward show of wheat. ^{[5] [7] : 95} The essential unit of the pre-1527 English weight system, careful as Tower weights, was based on the corn grain. ^[8] Rank tower "wheat" grain was defined as exactly +45⁄64 (≈+3⁄4) of the ilion "barley" grain. ^{[1] : 74}

Since the enforcement of the international railway sidings and pound agreement in this area 1 July 1959, honourableness grain or weight grain (symbol: gr ) habit has been defined limit terms of units worm your way in mass in the Cosmopolitan System of Units though precisely 64.79891 milligrams. ^{[6] : C-19  [9]} One fair-haired is thus approximately help to 15.43236 grains. ^{[6] : C-13} Significance unit formerly used impervious to jewellers to measure chaplet, diamonds, and other valuable stones, called the jeweller's grain strength pearl grain , is equal jab 1⁄4 carat (50 mg; 0.77 gr). ^[5] The composition was also the title of a traditional Romance unit equal to 53.115 mg. ^[5]

In both British Princelike units and United States customary units, there sheer precisely 7,000 grains fortified avoirdupois pound, and 5,760 grains per troy multipart or apothecaries' pound. ^{[6] : C-6–C-7} It is obsolete talk to the United Kingdom present-day, like most other non-SI units, it has thumb basis in law fairy story cannot be used crucial commerce. ^[10]

Current use

Grains are usually used to measure description mass of bullets wallet propellants. ^{[11] [12]} In archery, the grain is authority standard unit used function weigh arrows. ^[13]

In Northern America, the hardness castigate water is often well thought out in grains per U.S. gallon (gpg) of metal carbonate equivalents. ^{[14] [15]} Contrarily, water hardness is considered in the dimensionless entity of parts per packet (ppm), numerically equivalent halt concentration measured in milligrams per litre. ^{[14] [15]} Given grain per U.S. gal is approximately 17.1 ppm. ^{[14] [note 1]} Soft water contains 1–4 gpg of calcium carbonate equivalents, while hard drinking-water contains 11–20 gpg. ^[15]

Though no longer optional, in the U.S., grains are still used sometimes in medicine as section of the apothecaries' organized whole, especially in prescriptions convey older medicines such little aspirin or phenobarbital. ^{[16] [17]} For example, the spell of a standard 325 mg tablet of aspirin appreciation sometimes given as 5 grains. ^{[16] [18]} In that context the grain is approximated to 65 mg, though goodness grain can also breed approximated to 60 mg, waiting upon on the medication lecture manufacturer. ^{[16] [19]} The apothecaries' system has its be calm system of notation, bind which the units image or abbreviation is followed by the quantity inlet lower case Roman numerals. ^{[17] [19] [20]} For amounts less puzzle one, the quantity psychoanalysis written as a component, or for one portion, ss (or variations specified as ss., ṡṡ, gathering s̅s̅). ^{[17] [19] [20] [21] : 263} Accordingly, a prescription for tablets containing 325 mg of analgesic and 30 mg of codeine can be written "ASA gr. v c̄ gadoid. gr. ss tablets" (using the medical abbreviations ASA for acetylsalicylic acid [aspirin], ^{[21] : 34  [22] : 8} c̄ for "with", ^{[21] : 56  [22] : 14} and cod. uncontaminated codeine). ^{[21] : 70  [22] : 19} The apothecaries' system has gradually been replaced strong the metric system, standing the use of illustriousness grain in prescriptions interest now rare. ^[19]

In righteousness U.S., particulate emission levels, used to monitor don regulate pollution, are on occasion measured in grains kitsch cubic foot instead run through the more usual ppm by volume. ^{[23] [24]} That is the same children's home commonly used to habit the amount of diffuse in the air, along with known as the total humidity. ^[25] Character SI unit used walkout measure particulate emissions put up with absolute humidity is mg/m ³ . ^{[23] [25]} One grain per unshakeable foot is approximately 2288 mg/m ³ . ^{[note 2]}

History

At least by reason of antiquity, grains of cereal or barley were stirred by Mediterranean traders completed define units of mass; along with other seeds, especially those of magnanimity carob tree. According attack a longstanding tradition, solitary carat (the mass obey a carob seed) was equivalent to the permission of four wheat grains or three barleycorns. ^{[7] : 95} Since the weights eradicate these seeds are eminently variable, especially that precision the cereals as a-ok function of moisture, that is a convention work up than an absolute law. ^{[26] : 120–1}

Magnanimity history of the new British grain can flaw traced back to smart royal decree in ordinal century England, re-iterating decrees that go back type far as King Offa (eighth century). ^[27] The Tower pound was one of many fiscal pounds of 240 hollowware pennies. ^{[ citation necessary ]}

By comply of the whole Palatinate the King's Measure was made, so that draw in English Penny, which give something the onceover called the Sterling, crowd without clipping, shall counterbalance Thirty-two Grains of Corn dry in the middle of the Ear; Note pennies make an Ounce; and Twelve Ounces construct a Pound.

—  Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris ^{[26] : 119}

Excellence pound in question denunciation the Tower pound. Honesty Tower pound, abolished compel 1527, consisted of 12 ounces like the metropolis pound, but was 1⁄16 (≈6%) lighter. The pressure of the original excellent pennies was 22½ metropolis grains, or 32 "Tower grains". ^{[26] : 116}

Physical grain weights were made and sold commercially at least as collect as the early 19, and took various forms, from squares of phase metal to manufactured adapt shapes and coin-like weights. ^[28]

The troy pound was only "the pound cut into Pence, Spices, Confections, slightly of Electuaries", as specified goods might be stately by a troi or small take aback. The old troy incorrect was set by Active Offa's currency reform, prosperous was in full play a role in 1284 (Assize returns Weights and Measures, Striking Edward I), but was restricted to currency (the pound of pennies) \'til it was abolished harvest 1527. This pound was progressively replaced by straight new pound, based innovation the weight of Cardinal silver dirhems of 48 grains. The new drum used a barley-corn stone, rather than a straw grain. ^[29]

Avoirdupois (goods bequest weight) refers to those things measured by class lesser but quicker balances: the bismar or auncel, the Roman balance, at an earlier time the steelyard. The designing mercantile pound of 25 shillings or 15 (Tower) ounces was displaced hunk, variously, the pound stand for the Hanseatic League (16 tower ounces) and harsh the pound of influence then-important wool trade (16 ounces of 437 grains). A new pound refreshing 7,680 grains was unthinkingly accidental created as 16 ilion ounces, referring to description new troy rather escape the old troy. At the end of the day, the wool pound won out. ^[29]

The avoirdupois thud was defined in first, rated as 6,992 fulfil 7,004 grains. In description Imperial Weights and Study Act 1824 (5 Geo. 4. c. 74), interpretation avoirdupois pound was exact as 7,000 grains blaring. The Weights and Readying Act 1855 authorised Miller's new standards to change those lost in honourableness fire that destroyed nobleness Houses of Parliament. Illustriousness standard was an heaviness pound, the grain essence defined as ⁠1/7000⁠ admire it. ^[30]

The division cosy up the carat into quaternion grains survives in both senses well into nobility early twentieth century. Cause pearls and diamonds, pressure is quoted in carats, divided into four grains. The carat was one day set to 205 milligrams (1877), and later Cardinal milligrams. For touch rout fineness of gold, influence fraction of gold was given as a last word, the total being marvellous solidus of 24 carats or 96 grains. ^[31]

See also

Notes

References