How old is a cub scout

Cub Recce (Boy Scouts of America)

Coed program of Reconnaissanc America for kids update grades K-5

"Tiger Cubs" redirects up. For other uses, image Tiger Cub (disambiguation).

Cub Reconnoitring is part line of attack the Scouting program carry out Scouting America, formerly noted as Boy Scouts staff America (BSA), available manage coeducational children from school in through fifth grade, represent 5 to 10 period of age and their families. Its membership in your right mind the largest of say publicly five main BSA divisions (Cub Scouting, Scouts BSA, Venturing, Exploring and Ocean Scouting). Cub Scouting appreciation part of the world-wide Scouting movement and aims to promote character operation, citizenship training, personal profit, and leadership. [3]

Cradle

Information article: History of decency Boy Scouts of U.s.a.

As early as 1911, Ernest Thompson Seton confidential developed a prototype document he named Lad Scouts of America that was never enforced. James E. West change that having BSA divisions for younger boys (those under 12; the "younger boy problem") would finish even away boys from nobleness core program, which was Scout troops focused introduction the 12- to 17-year-old age group; thus good taste opposed such a information for some time. Burst spite of this, secret programs for younger boys started around this purpose, under names such translation Junior Troops or Cadet Posse . The BSA obtained the rights prevent Lord Baden-Powell's Illustriousness Wolf Cub's Handbook in 1916 and sedentary it in unofficial Predator Cub programs starting exertion 1918. This led sound out an issue with Magistrate Carter Beard who matte that the use strip off the British book was nearly disloyal to honourableness United States of America. [ citation needed ] West pleased the formation of birth Boy Rangers of Earth, a separate organization expend boys eight through dozen based on an Land Indian theme. The Early life Rangers used the Investigate Law and their Cheat Guide, Emerson Brooks, was a Boy Scout delegate in Montclair, New Milcher. The BSA finally began some experimental Cub comme il faut in 1928 and take away 1930 the BSA began registering the first Kid Scout packs, and probity Boy Rangers were absorbed. [4]

The British Cubbing curriculum used elements of Rudyard Kipling's Jungle Picture perfect series, with loftiness Cubmaster taking the parcel of Akela and loftiness assistant Cubmaster the part of Baloo. The Land program also syncretizedAmerican Asian elements, with all Initiate Scouts belonging to greatness Webelos tribe, symbolized wishy-washy the Arrow of Hilarity and led by Akela. Webelos was also a portmanteau direct Wolf, Bear, Uprising, Scout ; blue blood the gentry name was later terrestrial a backronym of " WE' ll BE Unmarried yal Tough couts". The early rank structure was Predator, Bear and Lion, disagree with ages of 9, 10 and 11. Dens short vacation six to eight Cubs were entirely led tough a Scout holding dignity position of den main.

Aims, methods, and purposes

The Aims of Cub Reconnaissanc are the precise as the other divisions—character, citizenship, personal fitness, significant leadership. [5]

The Customs of Cub Scouting

  1. Soul the Ideals
  2. Belonging to a Resting place den
  3. Advancement
  4. Family Involvement
  5. Activities
  6. Serving the Neighborhood
  7. Blue Uniform
  8. Working for badges

Picture Purposes of Pup Scouting are

  1. Character Process
  2. Spiritual Steps forward
  3. Good Breed
  4. Sportsmanship sit Fitness
  5. Kinsmen Understanding
  6. Courteous Relationships
  7. Live Achievement
  8. Recyclable Service
  9. Levity and Adventure
  10. Preparation for Scouts [3] [6]

Ideals

On June 1, 2015, the Cub Scout Pledge and the Law show signs the Pack were withdraw and replaced by class Scout Oath and Reconnoitre Law. The Cub Observe Motto continues to adjust used. [7] [8]

Scout Oath

Disrupt my honor I determination do my best
Elect do my duty proffer God and my country
and to obey ethics Scout Law;
To whisper other people at categorize times;
To keep yourselves physically strong
mentally bestir oneself, and morally straight.

Scout Law

Exceptional Scout is trustworthy, true, helpful, friendly
courteous, nice, obedient, cheerful
thrifty, pass through, clean, and reverent.

Cub Scout Rallying cry

Conduct Your Best

The Lass Scout sign, two peer fingers of the happy hand, identifies the boy as a Cub Investigate and the two fingers stand for the Guide Oath and Law. Nobility Cub Scout salute, bend over fingers of the handle hand raised to authority edge of the end or eyebrow, is cast-off to show respect comply with the country when saluting the flag of leadership United States. The Beginner Scout handshake, first unite fingers along the soul of the other Scout's wrist, is used rescue help each other keep in mind and obey the Expert Oath and Law. [9]

Organization

The Juvenile Scout pack is backered by a community practice such as a dole out, service organization, school, have group or religious enterprise. The chartered organization crack responsible for selecting directorship, providing a meeting replacement and promoting a acceptable program. The chartered syndicate representative is the affaire between the pack, picture chartered organization, and honesty BSA.

Justness pack meets once spick month, providing a curriculum for Cub Scouts, cutting edge, parents and other brotherhood members attending. The instance is led by spruce up Cubmaster with one alliance more assistant Cubmasters. Class pack committee is clean up group of adults, away from each other by the pack board chair, who plan nobleness pack program and activities and manage record care, finance, leadership recruitment ray registration. The pack teacher is responsible for ensuring that all of honesty pack leaders are uninitiated and for maintaining credentials records.

Pup Scouts who join simple pack are assigned slant dens with ideally outrage to eight members, commonly based on age: Uprising Scouts (kindergarten), Tiger Scouts (first grade), Wolf Scouts (second grade), Bear Scouts (third grade), Webelos Scouts (fourth grade), and Bolt of Light Scouts (fifth grade). Dens meet hebdomadary or biweekly under glory direction of the mature den leader. A Tyro Scout is elected strengthen the Denner position thicken provide basic leadership combat the den. A Observe or Venturer holding blue blood the gentry den chief position can assist the den chairman in activities. [10] Den meetings are prepared around a particular charge being worked on tutor rank advancement and may well include games, handicrafts, hikes and other outdoor mirth while also preparing reach the next pack accession.

Webelos laboratory analysis an acronym meaning "We'll Be Loyal Scouts". According to the Buoy up Cub Scout Book of 1954, the label originally came from illustriousness initial letters of "wolf, bear, lion, Scout", representation rank of "Lion Initiate Scout" was dropped shoulder 1967, [11] banish was used again expose 2017 with the get going of the pilot school in program of the come to name which became regular full-fledged part of greatness program in 2018. AOL dens spend much hold sway over their time learning nearly Scout customs, including rendering Scout Law and Vow. Many packs are officially associated with a Investigate troop for mutual support—the troop provides assistance border on the pack with activities such as campouts last ceremonies and in at the double, the AOL Scouts waspish over to the group.

The Unique Cub Scout program serves youth who cannot right part in a not far-off Cub Scout pack disincentive a regular basis since of such factors little distance, weather, time, inability or similar issues. [12]

Flash October 2017, Scouting Usa announced that girls would be welcomed into depiction Cub Scout program flat single gender dens on the contrary co-ed packs. 77,000 girls joined nationwide creating basis in California, among extra places. [13] [14]

In April 2023, Investigation America announced that useful June 1, 2023, coeducational dens (aka family dens) would now be legal for Cub Scouts derive Kindergarten through 4th Period (Lions through Webelos). AOL dens for 5th graders would remain single-gender dens in order to provide for them for single-gender Scouts BSA troops. [15] However, some councils program now getting ready chew out pilot mixed-gender Scouts BSA troops for a flavour year initial trial. [16]

Uniform

The homogeneous gives a Cub Make a reconnaissance visibility and creates copperplate level of identity private both the unit folk tale the community. The neckerchief, the neckerchief slide standing the belt buckle uniforms are similar in spartan design, they do reform in color and feature to identify the varying divisions of Cub Scouts, Scouts and Venturers. Vibrate all cases, shirts strategy tucked in.

Youth uniforms

Lions imitate the option of twosome uniforms to wear; each one Lion den will individually decide which uniform they as a den last wishes wear.

  • Option A is dignity Cub Scout uniform, attended by a yellow Brave man neckerchief and Lion coast, the blue Cub Recruiter belt, a blue splendour with lion logo, explode blue socks topped accommodate yellow. Scouts can vestiments blue pants, blue drawers, or blue skorts, monkey appropriate.
  • Will B is the defensible Lion t-shirt which has the lion logo divergence it, but without nobility neckerchief or slide. Justness t-shirt can also suitably accompanied by the very much hat, belt, socks, impressive pants, shorts, or skorts.

Tigers wear the Cub Guide uniform, accompanied by yellow-topped blue socks, an orangish neckerchief, neckerchief slide change the Tiger logo, loftiness cap with an red panel and Tiger figure and the blue Lad Scout belt. Scouts buttonhole wear blue pants, grim shorts, or blue skorts, as appropriate.

Wolves wear the Greenhorn Scout uniform and illustriousness Wolf cap with held panel and Wolf symbol and the red Predator neckerchief and the neckerchief slide with Wolf symbol. The yellow Wolf hotheaded and yellow neckerchiefs be conscious of no longer sold unconscious most council shops, however are still allowed process be worn instead donation the red. Wolves additionally wear the Cub Guide belt and blue socks topped with a amass of yellow. Scouts buttonhole wear blue pants, posh shorts, or blue skorts, as appropriate.

Bears wear the Boy Scout uniform and fine cap with light down panel with Bear badge. The light blue neckerchief and the neckerchief skim have the Bear mark. Bears also wear character Cub Scout belt focus on blue socks topped proper a ring of panic-stricken. Scouts can wear down in the mouth pants, blue shorts, retreat blue skorts, as cross.

Webelos commonly wear the Cub Recce uniform, with one elite addition being the Embodiment colors ribbons worn erect the right sleeve deliver to hold the pins they earn. The Webelos through is green with great plaid panel and ethics oval Webelos emblem; greatness plaid is made side of the Cub Observation blue and gold beam the Scouts BSA dark and green. The neckerchief is plaid with primacy Webelos logo and in your right mind worn with the slither with Webelos emblem. Webelos also wear the Lad Scout belt and murky socks topped with marvellous ring of yellow. Scouts can wear blue chinos, blue shorts, or drab skorts, as appropriate. Underived in 4th grade, parents are given discretion hoot to when to have to one`s name their Scout begin exasperating the Scouts BSA world uniform. If a Webelos Scout has outgrown their blue uniform, it research paper appropriate for them nominate acquire and wear marvellous tan Scouts BSA regimentals instead rather than exploit a new blue Beginner Scout uniform for reasonable a short window constantly time.

Bolt of Light Scouts costume the Scouts BSA a great deal uniform with blue side loops. The AOL Scouts no longer wear goodness Webelos cap or neckerchief; AOL Dens can pick out to either go poor both or can dress in the Scouts BSA excel and neckerchief. AOL Scouts wear the green Scouts BSA belt and callow Scouts BSA socks. Character AOL den may finish to wear a habitation emblem in place center the den number; authority patches are the sign up as the Scout observe patches. [17]

Scouter uniforms

Grown up leaders wear the essential Scout field uniform. Individual leaders of dens further down Webelos level have nobleness option of the exemplary female Cub Scouter unvarying with blue web cincture. Leaders that wear prestige tan uniform shirt clothes blue shoulder loops chaos the epaulets, Centennial person Switchbacks pants or drawers, and the Scout net or leather belt. They may wear the Boy Scout Leader neckerchief mistake any official BSA neckerchief, with the appropriate neckerchief slide or woggle. Cream of the crop may wear any legal BSA adult hat. [18]

Probity Scouter dress uniform assignment appropriate for professional Scouters and all Scouting influential on formal occasions.

Advancement become peaceful recognition



Webelos Scout Badge


Webelos Observe Colors and Adventure Pins


Arrow delineate Light
emblem (youth)
champion knot (adult)

Honour is one of dignity methods used to push the aims of make development, citizenship training, one-off fitness, and leadership. The aggregate a Cub Scout does in the advancement info is intended to puzzle out these aims and support in personal growth. Ideology June 1, 2015, Lad Scouting changed the enhancement system to an "adventure" system, including required obtain elective adventures for shoot your mouth off ranks. Lion, Tiger, Womanizer, and Bear Cubs fine activity belt loops supportive of each completed adventure, from the past Webelos earn activity astound which can be tatty on the cap spread on the Webelos colors. [19] [20]

Vessel June 1, 2024, Kid Scouting reworked all draw round the Cub Scout ranks to harmonize and clear up the adventure system. [21] Each rank condensed has six required prosperity and requires the plus completion of two arbitrary adventures. Lion and Shrivel of Light have 16 elective adventures to decide upon from and Tiger, Masher, Bear, and Webelos complete have 20 electives.

Bobcat is inept longer a rank give it some thought is earned when grand Cub Scout first joins, but rather is probity first required adventure drift should be completed monkey part of each rank. [22]

Lion badge

Kindergartners profession toward the Lion key. The Lion badge court case earned by completing shock wave required adventures and span elective adventures. Outside duplicate the requirements, Lion Scouts can also complete absurd number of sixteen electoral adventures of their den's or family's choosing. Illustriousness Lion badge is picture most recent addition bordering Cub Scouts as stick it out was introduced in 2018. [23]

Tiger, Wolf, Earnings, and Webelos badges

Cub Scouts in first grade duct toward the Tiger evidence, while those in superfluous grade work toward picture Wolf badge, those be grateful for third grade work for the Bear badge, viewpoint those in fourth elevate work toward the Webelos badge. Cub Scouts tackle all four levels should complete six required possessions and two of 20 elective adventures with their den or family, chimpanzee well as completing age-specific exercises to help anticipate child abuse with their family. The abuse forestalling requirements must be fulfilled annually. [24] [25] [26] The remaining open to choice adventures may be concluded throughout the rest mean the school year. [27]

Arrow of Light demonstration

Probity Arrow of Light manifestation is the highest scull award available to Boy Scouts. To earn interpretation Arrow of Light, leadership Cub Scout must undivided six required adventures, mirror image of 16 elective holdings, and child abuse forestalling exercises. Earning the Dart of Light allows unadulterated youth to join capital Scout troop at get down to years of age in lieu of of eleven. [28] The adventure curriculum tend AOL Scouts is smaller erior than that of Webelos Scouts in order delve into accommodate the fact make certain AOL Scouts will customarily bridge to a Scouts BSA troop between Jan and March of their fifth grade school epoch. The requirements for leadership Arrow of Light expression prepare the AOL Scouts for Scouts BSA penurious significantly repeating the prerequisites for the first propel in Scouts BSA, Nark. The AOL handbook likewise includes pages from magnanimity Scouts BSA handbook idea the Scout rank middling that families do watchword a long way have to purchase team a few handbooks in the amount to year.

Blue blood the gentry Arrow of Light jackpot is one of picture few Cub Scout bays that can be level on a Scout uniform. [A] Both Beginner Scouts and Scouts be in the Arrow of Candlelight badge below the stay poised pocket. Adults wear nobleness square-knot version of picture badge above the stay poised pocket.

Religious emblems

Main article: Idealistic emblems programs (Boy Scouts of America)

Several religious emblems programs are administered by assorted religious institutions and inscrutability, but not sponsored, uncongenial Scouting America. These criticize generally recognized by unembellished medal and an creation square knot that vesel also be worn turn down the Scouting uniform.

Leader notice

Juvenile Scout leaders who full training, tenure, and track record requirements are recognized unwelcoming a system of commendation. The Den Leader Confer, the Scouter's Training Accolade, and the Cubmaster's Assurance Key are available. These awards were standardized outline more closely align let fall Scouts BSA's other programs in 2012, removing almost of the distinctive Tyro Scout level awards much as Tiger Cub Bewildering Leader's Training Award (discontinued December 2012), the Webelos Den Leader's Training Premium (discontinued December 2012), position Cubmaster's Training Award (discontinued December 2013), the Tiro Scouter's Training Award (discontinued December 2013), and rendering Pack Trainer Award (discontinued December 2013). The Scouter's Training Award replaced significance Cub Scouter Award, presentday the Cubmaster's Training Discolored replaced the Cubmaster's Faithfulness Award. The Pack Mesh Award had previously replaced the Den Leader Professor Award, which was as far as one can see discontinued on December 31, 2008. Any awards appropriate prior to the fashionable of their retirement buttonhole still be worn. These awards are recognized near a certificate, medal, current an embroidered square link insignia. [B] Hole Chiefs may earn justness Den Chief Service Award. [29]

Program and activities

Carry on pack has a integer of annual events much as the pinewood bowler, raingutter regatta, the room derby, gold rush, character blue and gold meal and Scout Sunday guardian Scout Sabbath.

Several structured camping activities are available in representation Cub Scout program. Influence pack overnighter is far-out pack-organized camping activity stray provides Cub Scouts zone positive outdoor experiences. Pup Scout day camp privileged twilight camp is titanic accredited, organized, one- go on a trip five-day program for Boy Scouts using trained edge at an approved location, and is usually booked during daylight or inappropriate evening hours, but snivel overnight. Cub Scout abiding camp is an slick, accredited overnight camping document covering at least span nights and conducted answerable to trained leadership in strong established Scout camp operated by the council. Class Webelos den overnight artificial introduces the Scout delighted parents to the encampment program, under the dominance of the Webelos cubbyhole leader. Joint campouts glossed a local Scout process for second-year Webelos sprig help to strengthen reins between the pack extort troop and facilitate character transition from Webelos pick up Scouts.

Birth Soccer and Scouting [30] program is preconcerted to involve Hispanic childhood and families in primacy Cub Scout program, directing Scouts in both brim and Cub Scout placidity.

Alcohol practical prohibited at all Boy Scout events. [31] A number of "high-risk" outdoor activities are outlawed by Scouting America (including Cubs), and others trust limited to special programs. Paintball, lasertag, hunting, rodeo, fireworks, and bungee-jumping cast-offs among prohibited activities. [32]

Training

Fast Start Training deference the introduction for grownup leaders new to honourableness Cub Scout program. Quick Start is self-paced highest provided as a record or online. [33] Youth Protection Training [33] is required fetch all adult leaders coupled with must be recertified detail local council policy. Underlying Leader Training consists adherent the online This review Scouting course and Crowned head Specific Training. This wreckage Scouting is a usual core program for exchange blows adult leaders in high-mindedness Cub Scouting, Scouts BSA, Varsity Scouting, and Venturing divisions. Leader Specific Routine is provided for primacy Tiger Cub den superior, Cub Scout den ruler, Webelos den leader, Cubmaster, pack committee chairman plus assistants. Once Basic Chairman Training is completed, illustriousness leader is awarded splendid Trained emblem for consistent wear.

At the same height least one adult greatness a pack overnight campout must attend the Central Adult Leader Outdoor Side (BALOO) in order swap over properly understand camping prerequisites. Leaders for day camp-ground and resident camp programs must be trained dispatch certified by the Practice Camping School.

Supplemental training modules funding designed to provide capsize beyond Basic Leader Devotion. These shorter training session are often provided at one\'s disposal the Roundtable, a serial meeting of leaders stranger the district, at deft Pow-Wow or University chief Scouting program offered dampen the local council abstruse at National Cub Reconnaissance Conferences held at blue blood the gentry Philmont Scout Ranch ray the Florida National Buzz Adventure Sea Base.

Wood Badge attempt the advanced training curriculum for leadership skills pull out all adults in recoil Scouting America programs. Grove Badge consists of sextuplet days of training (usually presented as two three-day weekends) and an practice phase of several months. When training is experienced, leaders are recognized get the Wood Badge pearls, neckerchief and woggle.

Training is extremely provided for all recent den chiefs.

Notes

A ^ Piece any religious emblem hawthorn be earned as skilful Cub Scout and plane as a Scout, these are administered and awarded by religious institutions jaunt are not considered Reconnaissanc America awards as much.
B ^ Dйcolletage medallions were previously too awarded, but discontinued shore 2001.

References

  1. ^ Boy Scouts of Ground Youth Application (PDF). Boy Scouts of Ground. February 13, 2019. #524-406. Archived from the original(PDF) on June 12, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
  2. ^ "Overview of Boy Scouts worm your way in America". Boy Scouts show America. 2013.
  3. ^ a b "BSA Fact Sheet: What Is Cub Scouting?"(PDF). filestore.scouting.org . Boy Scouts of Land. June 15, 2006. Archived from the original(PDF) emergency supply February 23, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  4. ^ "A Transient History of the Boyhood Scouts of America". Brace Fires Council. Archived pass up the original on Sep 27, 2007. Retrieved July 27, 2006.
  5. ^ "Cub Scouts Aims and Methods". scouting.org . Boy Scouts of America. Retrieved Oct 20, 2018.
  6. ^ Wolf Den Leader Operate, 2018 printing, Boy Scouts of America, page 5, (2018), ISBN 978-0-8395-0115-2
  7. ^ "Program Updates". scouting.org . Boy Scouts of America. Archived disseminate the original on Nov 9, 2017.
  8. ^ Wendell, Bryan (October 17, 2012). "BSA with respect to use Scout Oath spell Scout Law for conclude programs". blog.scoutingmagazine.org . Boy Scouts pan America. Retrieved February 23, 2019.
  9. ^ Shark casanova Cub Scout Handbook, 2018 printing, Boy Scouts pills America, pages 14-20, (2018), ISBN 978-0-8395-0110-7
  10. ^ "Cub Scout Den Chief". Immaturity Scouts of America. Archived from the original normalize May 3, 2008. Retrieved March 17, 2006.
  11. ^ "Webelos speedily had a different meaning". Scouting . March 1997. p. 4.
  12. ^ "BSA Act Sheet: What Is grandeur Lone Scout Plan?". Boyhood Scouts of America. Archived from the original share out March 13, 2008. Retrieved February 7, 2006.
  13. ^ Richards, Sam (February 19, 2019). "New era begins for Piemonte Boy Scouts as girls join the ranks". Piedmont Exedra . Retrieved May 10, 2019.
  14. ^ Andone, Dakin (February 1, 2019). "Girls can join representation Boy Scouts now -- but not everyone critique happy about it". CNN . Painter Broadcasting System. Retrieved Haw 10, 2019.
  15. ^ Exciting options for Cub Scout dens just announced! | Thrilling options for Cub Guide dens just announced! | By Boy Scouts indicate AmericaFacebook . Retrieved April 24, 2024 – via www.facebook.com.
  16. ^ "Combined Troop Pilot"(PDF). Scouting America . May 1, 2024. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
  17. ^ "Cub Scout Uniform". Boy Scouts of America. 2018. Retrieved November 22, 2018.
  18. ^ "Cub Case Adult Leader Uniform". Scouting.org . Archived from the original candidate September 25, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  19. ^ "Cub Case Advancement". U.S. Scouting Swagger Project. August 11, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  20. ^ Wendell, Bryan (August 27, 2015). "How boys earn exploit loops and pins make new Cub Scout program". Scouting Magazine . Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  21. ^ "Roundtable Hot Topics: Lass Scout Program Updates"(PDF). RTHT-Cub-Changes . Reconnaissanc America. December 2023. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
  22. ^ "Roundtable Multiplicity Topics: Cub Scout Info Updates"(PDF). RTHT-Cub-Changes . Scouting America. Dec 2023. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
  23. ^ "What Cub Scouts Earn- The Advancement Trail". Scouting.org. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
  24. ^ "Welcome to Tiger Cub Scan - Cub : Cub". Young man Scouts of America. Archived from the original delivery February 9, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  25. ^ "Welcome have an adverse effect on Wolf Cub Scouting - Cub : Cub". Boy Scouts of America. Archived shake off the original on Feb 9, 2016. Retrieved Feb 17, 2016.
  26. ^ "Welcome to Tote Cub Scouting - Cub : Cub". Boy Scouts female America. Archived from class original on February 9, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  27. ^ "Advancement Updates 2024"(PDF). SBSA-Advancement-Updates-2024-v2.pdf . Dec 1, 2023.
  28. ^ "Youth Application #524-406"(PDF). Boy Scouts of Land. Archived from the original(PDF) on June 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
  29. ^ "Den Chief Service Award". Young days adolescent Scouts of America. Retrieved September 30, 2013.
  30. ^ "Soccer playing field Scouting".
  31. ^ "Alcohol, Tobacco, and Analgesic Use and Abuse". Scouting.org. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
  32. ^ "Sports and Activities". Juvenescence Scouts of America .
  33. ^ a clumsy "Cub Scout Leader Labour Start". BSA On the internet Learning Center . Boy Scouts of Usa. Retrieved April 12, 2006.

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